Clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors of candidial infections with critically ill patients in respiratory intensive care unit in turkey

Results Median age was 70.1 ± 14.60 years (min 18 years, max 91 years). The median APACHE II score on admission was 21.28 ± 5.39. A total of 405 episodes were identified from 2007 to 2014. The rates of candidial infections were urinary tract infection (67.6%), blood stream infection (23.5%) and pneumonia (8.9%). The fungi identified were yeast (54.32%), C. albicans (26.40%), C. tropicalis (5.91%), C. glabrata (6.91%), C. parapsilosis (3.20%), C. krusei (1.23%), Candida kefyr (0.98%) and other Candida species (1.23%) (Table1). Candida albicans accounted for 57.29% of all Candida species. Fluconazole resistance was found in 35.42%. The susceptibility to amphotericine B was 96.94%. Itraconazole resistance was 70.22%. None of all patiens was using previously antifungal therapy. Primary therapy included monotherapy with fluconazole (n = 99), caspofungin (n = 14), anidulafungin (n = 8) and voriconazole (n = 8). Combination therapy was infrequently used (n = 6). The mortality rate was 77.6% (n = 184). The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics was 85.2%. The presence of an intravascular device was 70% (n = 164). The use of parenteral (n = 66), enteral nutrition (n = 46) and both (n = 98) were 27.8%, 19.4% and 41.4% respectively. The median mechanic ventilation days were 13.3 ± 15.96 days. The median RICU length of stay (LOS) was 24.8 ± 24.19 days. The most patients (61.18%) came to RICU from other departments and care units.